## Tuesday, February 21, 2023

### Lander Update: Snort, the Engine

So I've picked back up on liquid engine design for the lander. This is a brief of what I'm pursuing so far for the combustion chamber

Stats:

• Thrust: 500lbf (2.22kN)
• Pc: ~300 psi (2MPa)
• Propellants: Liquid Oxygen, Ethanol 70%
• Mixture Ratio: 1.35
• 20% fuel boundary layer cooling
• 15 degree conical half angle
• L-star of 1 meter
• 45 degree contraction angle on converging section, for manufacturability
• Chamber Inner Diameter: 81mm
• Materials: 304/316 Stainless Steel
I am first going to manufacture the chamber in two parts.. the cylindrical section, and then the printed or CNC'd converging-diverging section which I plan to weld on. The former is based on this affordable part from McMaster Carr. It's 304 stainless with a weld bead down the  center of it, and polished. I am a bit worried about the weld bead, but I know other chambers have been made similarly. The thickness is about 2mm, still checking to see if this checks out thermally.

The ID of the chamber material is supposedly very accurate, so I've added a taper to the C-D section that traverses the inside the the tube, and can  be welded from the outside.

Here's Snort:

I've put out quotes for printing or CNC machining the C-D nozzle section and so far it only seems to be around $300 in stainless which is shocking to me. If I can get each engine to be under$1k I'll be super happy. More to come on injector design and thermal analysis.. Need some friends to double check me :) Ideally, I'd like to print the injector and then weld it directly to the chamber, so I don't need to worry about fasteners, leaks, seals etc. Not sure if this is a good idea, but Armadillo had good luck with welding it all on there.

## Tuesday, January 31, 2023

### Lander Update - 01/2023 "We Have Lander At Home"

Long Time No Update. Each year I make it my resolution to be better at documenting my projects, taking pictures, and posting updates. This year my resolution is not only to be better at it, but to  finish the lander project (still unnamed, but dubbed Lander At Home memetically).

It's been a struggle to write updates in recent months, with life being so busy. But since I've last posted, a lot has happened. Since then I have welded the tank gas feed systems, hydro tested the tanks, and mounted them (no easy feat). I've came up with a COPV mounting system, and added one on. I've added a protective box for the IMU mount, with vibe isolation. I added in the cross brace for avionics box mounting. I added rollers to the lander, for easier transport and working. The TVC actuators have been trimmed down to size and tested with their ODrive board, but there are still some slight tolerance issues I'm working on that can be fixed with a shim or a re-machining some components.

The LOX tank mounts were designed to be 2D components, laser cut in 308 stainless from SendCutSend, and then fusion welded together. The bottoms are bent plate components that bolt down to the structure, with the structure being tapped itself. I did this so that the lox tank could be removable. But I mildly fu*ked up the alignment on two of them, and technically only need one to bolt down, so I am considering tacking the other two in place for flight. Not shown in the image below are the standoffs used to keep alignment correct.

I have designed and fabricated the engine gimbal thrust structure, but having some slight alignment issues. The center plate had a mild warping from tig welding (ugh) that I should have protected for, and the bottom  hex of the vehicle is ever so slightly offset that things don't line up perfectly. This, in theory, should be okay since the CG line is correct but the gimbal bias would be slightly zero seemingly (between thrust point and gimbal plate). It only looks a little hinky on close inspection.. I've designed adjustable bolt-on brackets that take up some slop translationally, but not torsionally. My friends say I should just accept it, and mount it, but I'm tempted to refab and make it perfect. Weeee shall seeeee. I need to stop getting lazy when I run into mild inconveniences.

Bottom of LOX tank, with fill/drain port capped off with a blue 10AN cap. Thrust structure assembly just being clipped in place here.

Here are a couple images from the LOX tank hydrostatic press test. The 4AN line is going off to a high pressure hand pump meant for air-rifles. The pressure transducer on the right is hooked up to a microcontroller and my laptop. I calibrated the ducer against atmosphere and assumed linearity, as the data sheet says.. The meter on the hand pump seemed like it read the same values. I went all the way up to 500psi, when I plan on using the tank at 300psi. No leaks, everything seemed to hold fine!

The gimbal plate itself is 6061-T6 aluminum that I had CNC'd by a separate shop. It only cost 40USD surprisingly, and met all my tolerance needs. It moves frictionlessly in 2 rotational degrees of freedom exactly as promised. Below are a couple more images of the gimbal plate and thrust structure. I am still considering a slight redesign for better rigidity in the backplate, and better mounting alignment. Over all these parts were perhaps 150USD, so not the end of the world. Peep the milled out NotForFlight tag on the gimbal plate.

I did a some work on designing the throttle valve. I had these ball valves laying around, and I know they each have some form of heritage in being used in other cryo liquid rocket projects. I think the Sharpe ball valve on the left has a hole cut in the ball to allow for slight venting of trapped gases, but I'm considering taking it apart and adding another. The linkage is finished, and there is minimal backlash in the assembly. The threaded rod will get cut and added to the end effector of the linear actuator.

The linear actuator for throttle valve. High bandwidth, and a cheaper variant of my TVC actuators. Still not my best work, but I need to finish things fast in order to break them.

I love heat threaded inserts. This was a PETG printed part that did not end up working out for me, due to being brittle and dimensions having shrunk too much for tolerance stackup of linear motion.

I made the brackets for my cheapo cold gas roll control thrusters, which are just solenoid valves with NPT to 4AN fittings, and tees. These will get plumbed to tank ullage/output of gas regulator at 300psi (at least for now unless I size something else).

TVC actuators...
I have been on a bit of an actuator crusade -- I am not happy with how I designed these. The non-stroke length fraction is too large, and these actuators really need to be much smaller than they are. But I need to move on to finish this project, so I need to make them work. Many months ago, I took some time to trim them down to size after the gimbal was designed, so I had a rough 20deg (overkill) tvc deflection in each axis. The actuator on the right is the trimmed down, the one on the left was my canvas, if you will.

I also took some time to tidy up the avionics box, wire up all the high current things, as well as update the firmware (video to be included). The image here is the relay board that turns on and off all the high current stuff. Again, probably should've added one more custom board to the design, and done this with solid state components, but whatever.. this has yet to be prove to me it won't work. It's also an order of magnitude cheaper, likely, than a custom job. Peep the high current amphenol connectors.

I ordered a chinese made ODrive 3.6 board (all the new ones stopped using USB and went full CAN), and it seems to work as intended so far!

The garage is back! It was previously occupied by an old roomates project car, which sort of spread all over. But now that it's vacant, the house can start to use it as a project shop. I have definitely been more productive and much happier with the free space so far.

That's all for now.. Once I finish throttle valve stuff, thrust structure/gimbal plate stuff, tank stuff, and firmware/avionics things (which are all in various completion states), I will move on to the high pressure system plumbing, propellant loading/unloading, and propulsion design. The goal for the majority of this year is propulsion design/fab/testing as well as flight software design/simulation/testing. I'd like the entire vehicle to be a flying wifi router, and have onboard HITL testing capability. The core GNC stack should not be terribly complicated for first test flights. There is much components testing to do, to understand throttle performance etc.

Here's a beautiful picture I took in Vancouver over New Years

Other things I should post

• avionics box update
• video of gimbals slewing
• tank hystrostatic press tests
• firmware stuff